LEARNING TRANSFORMATIONS IN HIGHER EDUCATION IN MALAYSIA AND INDONESIA: A COMPARATIVE STUDY

• Mehriban Malikova

  SIII

  Author

• Le Thi Linh Giang

  Author

• Djuwari Djuwari

  Author

• Djina Ivanovic

  Author

This study explores the transformation of higher education in Malaysia and Indonesia within the context of globalization, digitalization, and the evolving demands of the knowledge economy. As universities increasingly function as dynamic systems integrating teaching, innovation, and societal engagement, understanding how transformation occurs across different national contexts becomes essential. The primary objective of this study is to examine learning transformations in both countries through a comparative and system-based perspective, focusing on key domains such as curriculum innovation, digital transformation, governance, quality assurance, and stakeholder engagement. This research employs a qualitative approach using document analysis of selected scholarly articles, policy documents, and institutional reports. The data are analyzed through domain and thematic analysis to identify patterns, relationships, and differences between the two higher education systems. The findings reveal that both Malaysia and Indonesia share common transformation goals, including improving quality, enhancing employability, and integrating digital technologies. However, they differ in their approaches, with Malaysia adopting a structured and policy-driven model, while Indonesia emphasizes flexibility and inclusivity. Key challenges include gaps in policy implementation, digital readiness, and institutional capacity.. The study concludes that a system-based and integrated approach is essential for sustainable transformation and recommends stronger policy alignment, institutional readiness, and cross-national collaboration.

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